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Have you seen this earthworm?
17 Nov 2010 - General News - Dr Kate Entwistle - Issue 33 - Oct / Nov 2010
Dr David T. Jones, earthworm specialist, Natural History Museum, London, and Dr Kate Entwistle, Turfgrass Pathologist, The Turf Disease Centre, Hampshire, need your help

YOUR HELP NEEDED
29 Apr 2010 - Consultancy - Dr Kate Entwistle
Close-mown greens face a new menace. In the last few years a small, non-native earthworm called Microscolex phosphoreus has started appearing in golf greens and bowling greens across Britain.

You give me Fever!
5 Jan 2010 - Consultancy - Dr Kate Entwistle - Issue 28 - Dec / Jan 2010
Larvae of the Bibionidae - the St Mark’s Fly and the Fever Fly - cause damage to turf by feeding on the roots and reducing water and nutrient uptake. Dr Kate Entwistle offers some timely advice

Red turf - whatever next?
30 Jul 2009 - Consultancy - Dr Kate Entwistle - Issue 25 - Jun / Jul 2009
During the late spring and autumn months, patches of red/purple discolouration can develop on close mown turf, and the cause is often automatically regarded as being fungal. Dr Kate Entwistle sees red, but is it a disease or a natural physiological problem?

Kate Entwistle mr.jpg Disease Analysis
26 May 2009 - Consultancy - Dr Kate Entwistle - Issue 24 - Apr / May 2009
When it comes to disease identification, there is as much emphasis on you as the turf manager to provide appropriate turf samples for analysis as there is for the lab to accurately identify the problem. Dr Kate Entwistle asks what should you expect from the analysis results?

excessive branching2.jpg Disease - by association
20 Feb 2009 - Consultancy - Dr Kate Entwistle - Issue 22 - Dec / Jan 2009
When I started to look at plant diseases in the early 1980s, I did what most people do and read the current textbooks and believed (somewhat naively) that this was the whole truth. That, if I understood these texts, I would understand everything I needed to know about turf disease.

Anthracnose - an update ...
5 Dec 2008 - Consultancy - Dr Kate Entwistle - Issue 21 - Oct / Nov 2008
Anthracnose has increased in frequency and severity over the past ten years, both here in the UK and also in the USA. This article is intended to provide up to date information on the fungus that causes Anthracnose diseases and on the two disease types that are increasingly seen in amenity situations.

TARG.jpg [cropped] What do we know about Plant Parasitic nematodes?
27 Sep 2008 - Consultancy - Dr Kate Entwistle - 1 comment
Before we take a look at where we are today and what the future may hold with regard to plant parasitic nematodes, it's worth taking a quick look back at what we have learned over the past few years about what is, arguably, one of the most significant changes in modern turfgrass management.

Ccereale appress.jpg [cropped] Breaching plant defences
23 Jul 2008 - Consultancy - Dr Kate Entwistle - Issue 19 - Jun / Jul 2008 - 1 comment
The visible symptoms of disease that develop on the sward are generally our initial indication that the turf has become infected by a pathogen. However, prior to the development of these symptoms, the pathogen has had to go through a series of different processes both on the surface of the plant and inside the plant cells, in order for the plant to show these detrimental symptoms.

hole cutter [cropped] What’s the cause of your disease?
7 Apr 2008 - Consultancy - Dr Kate Entwistle - Issue 17 - Feb / Mar 2008
Identifying the primary cause of turfgrass diseases has, arguably, become more difficult over recent years as we have become better able to identify differences between certain closely-related organisms and to recognise the potential of previously unconsidered pests.

When did you last check your roots?
7 Dec 2007 - Consultancy - Dr Kate Entwistle - Issue 15 - Oct / Nov 2007 - 2 comments
I am always on the look-out for research or general articles and text books that can help with my work or my understanding of turfgrass diseases and, to this end, I recently bought a book entitled Plant Roots.

Pathogen infection, How do they attack?
2 Oct 2007 - Consultancy - Dr Kate Entwistle - Issue 14 - Aug / Sep 2007 - 2 comments
Pathogens are organisms that have the ability to cause disease and, when we think of turfgrass disease, we automatically think of fungi as the causal pathogens

Analysis – getting the most out of it
15 Jul 2007 - Consultancy - Dr Kate Entwistle
Physical analyses are of critical importance when sourcing materials for a new construction, or for reconstructions, to ensure the consistency of the materials brought on to site and to check that they conform to the required specification.

rust 2 Rust Diseases
29 Nov 2006 - Consultancy - Dr Kate Entwistle
Rust is a collective term that is commonly used to describe a group of turfgrass diseases, each of which is characterised by the prolific production of small, rust-coloured spores.

Cutworms
28 Nov 2006 - Consultancy - Dr Kate Entwistle - 1 comment
Cutworms are moth caterpillars that have occasionally been seen over recent years on amenity turfgrass areas across the UK.

leafspot symptoms Leaf spot diseases
4 Oct 2006 - Consultancy - Dr Kate Entwistle
There are a wide range of fungi that cause leaf spot disease on amenity turfgrasses and these individual fungi will cause damage to different grass types under different environmental conditions.

Dollar Spot Disease
16 Jul 2006 - Training - Dr Kate Entwistle
Dollar spot is a fungal disease that appears to be increasing in occurrence across the UK. Historically in the UK, dollar spot has been recorded as a disease of fine-leaved fescues but, over the last five years, we have seen a steady rise in the number of outbreaks of this disease developing on Poa annua swards.

Nematodes
15 Jul 2006 - Training - Dr Kate Entwistle - Issue 5 - Feb / Mar 2006 - 1 comment
Nematodes are a large and diverse group of non-segmented, microscopic roundworms that can inhabit both the rootzone and the turfgrass plants themselves. There are three main types of nematode but it is only the plant parasitic nematodes that have the ability to cause damage or disease to the turf.

Red Thread Disease
25 May 2006 - Consultancy - Dr Kate Entwistle - 1 comment
Red thread is an extremely common turfgrass disease that can develop at any time of the year during cool, wet weather, but frequently appears most severely during late spring and autumn. It can develop on most turfgrasses but ryegrasses, meadowgrasses and fescues appear to be more commonly affected. This disease is often referred to as an indicator of low fertility and symptoms will often develop more severely if nitrogen or potassium is limited.

Bibionid Flies
13 May 2006 - Consultancy - Dr Kate Entwistle
There are two Bibionid flies that are common to amenity turfgrass areas. One is the St Mark’s Fly and the other is the Fever Fly. These flies cause no damage in their adult form and are thought to be beneficial pollinators of fruit and other crops. However, their larvae do cause damage to turf by feeing on the roots and reducing water and nutrient uptake.

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