October Tennis Diary 2012

Some clubs will have, no doubt, been affected by the recent poor wet weather, either preventing the onset or completion of their end of season renovation programmes.

Most tennis clubs should be now undertaking or, better still, have completed their end of season renovations. If you are still renovating, try and complete the work as quickly as possible, making good use of the warm air and soil temperatures to aid seed germination. The use of germination sheets are becoming increasingly popular and may be the only way of ensuring seed germination at this time of the year.

Once you have completed the renovations and waiting for the seed to germinate, be mindful that this spell of heavy rain may cause a few problems in terms of washing out parts of the renovated courts. There may be a need for some small repairs and replacement of any seed being washed away.

It is important you are thorough with your renovations, do not skimp on materials and time spent on the job. You will need about four tonnes of topdressing per court and around one 25kg bag of grass seed if you sow at a rate of 35g / m2.

Choice of grass seed is all too often driven by budgets, however, first consideration should be - what do I want from my seed in terms of performance, colour and vigour? There are hundreds of varieties to choose from. However, the most popular species used for tennis on clay soils are perennial rye grasses (consult the Turfgrass seed booklet 2012 for information on relevant cultivars).

You also have to bear in mind what budgets you have available, top seed varieties are expensive.

Clubs can soon be reaping the benefits of a successful end of season renovation programmes, with particular regard to achieving some successful germination of newly sown seed. The first 2 to 3 cuts should have been completed using a hover rotary mower cutting at a height between 20-25 mm.

It is detrimental to allow the sward to become too long, as it may flatten over and obscure any worm casts. Newly sown courts can attract birds that feed on the seed; it may pay to install a bird scarer to help keep them at bay.

If you have not completed your renovations, here is a reminder of what you should be doing :-

Once the playing season is over, take down nets and post and store away, replace broken or damaged tennis nets and posts.

Get organised for your end of season renovations, ensure you have ordered your materials to arrive on time. Check equipment, ensuring it is ready for the work entailed. Check all belts and drives on the scarifiers.

If you are intending to use a contractor to do your work, confirm start dates and be clear they understand what level of work you want.

For most clubs, the extent and thoroughness of renovations is often dictated by money and resources available. Too often I hear the same excuses - we have not got enough money to do the job properly or hire in contractors. Well for me, it's about time clubs, whether they are bowls, cricket, football or rugby, faced the fact that there is a cost incurred for materials and hire of specialist services, and they are not becoming cheaper. However, when you actually divide the cost into the amount of games played on the facility, you will actually find the costs are very cheap.

Do not skimp on the quality of seed and fertilisers. At the end of the day, you get what you pay for. Just remember, it takes many years of research and development to bring many of our common materials to market.

It is important to ensure that all materials (seed, fertilisers, topdressings) and any hired machinery have arrived, and are secured and stored safely on site ready for use. Often, when ordering materials late, you may be faced with delays on delivery or not being able to get the products you want in time for your planned works.

Mow the sward, preparing surfaces for renovation. Lower cutting height to about 3-4mm to clean and prepare courts.

Scarification - depending on the severity of the thatch, you may need to scarify several times in different directions. However, in most cases, if regular verticutting/grooming has taken place during the growing season, you would probably only be required to scarify in two directions. Do not scarify at right angles to the previous scarification line. Depth of scarification between 4-15mm depending on depth of thatch to remove.

The rotary mower can then be used to clean up the courts after scarifying has been completed.

Aerate to relieve compaction and encourage root development. Aeration is the decompaction of soil, improving air and gas exchange in the soil profile. Depending on the turf's condition, you can choose to carry out hollow or solid tine spiking. Hollow tines are generally used on a bi-annual basis or when you have a severe thatch problem. Depth of aeration will be determined by the depth of your soil profile and what problems you want to rectify. Hollow tining is best achieved to a depth of between 75-100mm. Solid or slit tines can be set to penetrate deeper, ideally between 100-200mm.

Topdressing restores levels and improves surface drainage. Ensure you use compatible topdressing materials, sands, sand/soil mixes. Spreading can be achieved by several methods, utilising pedestrian or ride-on, disc or drop action top spreaders, or by hand using a shovel and a barrow. Best carried out in dry weather. It is important that the topdressings are spread uniformly. Brush to incorporate dressings and to help the grass stand back up. Brush in with a lute or drag brush/mat to restore levels.

Overseeding restores grass populations. It is important to ensure a good groove or hole is made to receive the seed; good seed to soil contact is essential for germination. Good moisture and soil temperatures will see the seed germinate between 7-14 days.

Fertilising provides nutrients for grass growth. Apply a low N nitrogen fertiliser product, something like an NPK 5:5:15, to help the sward through the autumn period.

It is essential to keep the sward watered after renovations to ensure your seed germinates.

Useful Information for Renovations

Articles		Products
	A twenty year makeover of the tennis courts at Norton in Hales		Tennis Posts

Mowing frequency will be dependent on a number of factors, grass growth, sward type, level or standard of facility, resources (staff and machinery). Generally, it may only need mowing on a weekly/fortnightly basis to keep tidy during the winter months. The mowing height on the courts should be maintained between 12mm and 18mm.

Fertilisers:- as for the use of fertilisers, this will be solely dependent on the nutrient status of the soil and the needs of the grass plant. Generally, an autumn/winter fertiliser product will have been applied during or just after the end of season renovations to help sustain the grass plant through the winter months.

Fertiliser treatment and turf tonics can be continued in accordance with your annual programme. If you haven't got a fertiliser programme, have your soil tested; try an independent soil analysis company for an impartial set of results. Most groundsmen will be looking to use an autumn winter feed, applied at 35g per square metre.

There are many products on the market, the best advice is to seek guidance from the manufacturer or enlist the help of a qualified agronomist

Useful Information for Mowing and Fertiliser

Articles		Products
	Roy Charman coping with the help of Headland Amenity		Fine Turf Fertilisers

Soil sampling is an important part of groundsmanship. The results will enable the manager to have a better understanding of the current status of his soil and turf. There are many tests that can be undertaken, but usually the main tests to consider are:

* Particle Size Distribution (PSD) this will give you accurate information on the soil type and it's particle make up, enabling you to match up with appropriate topdressing materials and ensuring you are able to maintain a consistent hydraulic conductivity (drainage rate) of your soil profile.
* Soil pH, it is important to keep the soil at a pH of 5.5-6.5, a suitable level for most grass plants.
* Organic matter content, it is important to keep a balanced level of organic matter content in the soil profile.
* Nutrient Levels, keeping a balance of N P K nutrients within the soil profile is essential for healthy plant growth.

Once you have this information you will be in a better position to plan your feeding and maintenance programmes.

Useful Information for Soil Sampling

Articles		Products
	A question of balance for your soil		Top Dressing

Keep an eye on fungal disease attack and use approved fungicides to treat infected areas. During October, there is the likelihood of heavy dews forming on grass surfaces, which often promotes outbreaks of disease.

A number of diseases are usually very active at this time of the year, namely red thread, fairy rings and fusarium. Regular brushing or switching off the dew in the mornings will reduce the chance of fungal attack.

Worm treatments can be carried out if needed, but please remember to ask yourself why worms are present. Ph level, organic matter and your cultural practices on the square may need to be assessed. There is only one chemical available to suppress worms, carbendazim.

Useful Information for Pest & Disease

Articles		Products
	Fusarium patch - switch hitting it!		Professional Fungicides